The history of the Lucovich clan:

Centuries between Orient and Occident

PRIVAT ANCESTRY RESEARCH

Udo Staf

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I do not have the competences of an historian researcher. I am only a descendant of this Dalmatian family LUCOVICH from the Bay of Kotor (Bocca del Cattaro) making fortune in the harbors from the Black Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. My great grandmother was the Countess Louise de Lucovich d’Ascrivio, daughter of Antoine de Lucovich d’Ascrivio. I got in heritage nor castle, no precious objects others than letters, diaries, biographies, photography’s and portraits and such other documents stocked in huge over-sea-travel suitcases from the 19th century. Through this I discovered a more than 600 years old family history. Today I am able to distinguish their roots and the main developments and I know about its enigmatic personalities and the footsteps in history they left on their passage.

 

However, the « Egypt period", mostly between 1780 and 1940, remains surrounded with mysteries. Wherefore my presence at this conference is motivated by a double desire:

• -First, present you the Lucovich family, as one, very symptomatic, example for the massive arrival of central Europe migrants in Egypt at the end of 18th century. How they made fortune through their participation in the modernization of the Ottoman Egypt, especially engaged in industrialization and mechanization of agriculture production and in construction (Suez Canal, military and naval fortifications, public and private buildings).

• Otherwise I hope to find, thanks to You, information’s and possibilities of collaboration in Egypt and other oriental countries allowing me to deepen and to verify details concerning the Lucovich settlement in Egypt, Lebanon, Greek Islands, Constantinople, Constanza and Odessa.

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                                                                                                                                   ORIGINS

 

The name might come from LUGOVI which means military in Slavic language. You find the emblem - The blazon has at the top a grey crow and at the bottom a bow with arrow and the slogan say: Concordia Fratrum (Brotherly Harmony) (Fig. 1) - in different sources under following writings: Lucoevich or Lubkovich - Count of Lucovich - and Count Lucovich d'Ascrivio (1). Descendants today write their name LUKOVICH, LUCOVICH and LUCOVIQ in French and English-speaking area’s or LUKOVIC in Serbo-Croatian environments.

 

A first certified mention of this name is the election of Giovanni Lucovich (born 1330) as “Admiral” of the Bay of Kotor (Bocca del' Cattaro). Our first family tree was compiled in 1700 by Don Niko Lucovich, priest in Prcanj (Perzagno), a small village in the bay of Kotor and the residence of many illustrious families in the maritime history of the Dalmatian coast. (Fig. 2)  In 1936 another priest from the family, named Niko too, wrote the entire Bay of Kotor history including popular legends and historical facts from Prcanj. This book exists in a new and completed edition (2). From a fishermen's village in the 12th and 13th century, Prcanj developed to an important maritime capital with more than 30 sailboats and 80 captains within a population of 1400 inhabitants at the end of the 18thcentury.

 

One branch of the family had their noble residence (Contado) in Perast-Tivat (Teodo), still easily to identify through his tower of the 15th century and the church of San Michele Arcangelo. This branch moved at the end of the 18th century inside the city of Kotor and offered the residence the Austro-Hungarian army as military base in 1889.

 

Lukovich Palace in Prcanj is situated within one of the most important complexes, known as “Lucovich Street”. The family chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Carmen, with the family blazon above the entrance, was built in the immediate vicinity of the palace. (Fig. 3) The chapel is adjoined by a row of 11 Baroque houses with characteristic balconies, all belonging to the Lucovich clan. (Fig. 4)

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The residence of the Lucovich family was frequented by Venetian dukes residing in Kotor. In 1797 a party was given in the palace in honor of the Baron Tom Brady, the Austrian Governor of the Bay. During the siege of Kotor in 1814, the English colonel Hoste, commander of the allied troops against the French, stayed in the palace.

 

                                                                                  THE VENETIAN IMPLANTATION OF THE CLAN

 

The Lucovich made up their reputation as excellent sailors, ship-owners and maritime storekeepers. Between the 14th and 16th century we find numerous mentions for military facts against the Turkish forces and "Algerian" pirates, especially to the advantage of the Serenissima Venice (Fig. 5). Other examples: In the 2nd half of the 16th century, under Admiral Trifon Lucovich, Perganzo’s ship-owners got the privilege to organize the only postal service in the Mediterranean Sea between Venice and Constantinople. A more trivial fact is, or a still existing legend, that Trifon’s son, a fantastically wealthy Councilor of Venice, after returning for a peaceful retreat to Perganzo, has been decapitated and despoiled by two of his Turkish female prisoners during his sleep.

 

In every generation a family member has been Admiral (The “Admiral” was the elected president of the ship-owners council of the Bay of Kotor) or mayor of Perzagno. Others important families of Perzagno were the Minich, Giurovich, Visin, Verona, Tomich, Sbutega, Lazzari. All bounded to the Lucovich family through numerous marriages and godparents.

 

At the end of the 17th to the end of the 19th century, the Lucovich became an important Venetian noble family. New professional profiles added to the fame of the family and the living standard and the aspirations raised: careers in the Roman Catholic Church, also as lawyers/prosecutors/judges, as diplomats and navy engineers or architects. Captain Marko Lucovich received by decree of the Senate of Venice (Doge Alvise Mocenigo IV) (3) on March 27th, 1773 the title "Count of Venice" for himself and his descendants. Among the family’s bishops, Nicolo was the first authorized translator of the Missale Romanum in Italian language in 1703.
 

To the growing notoriety of this branch corresponds a new residence at Palazzo Dario on the Grand Canal in Venice, and the education of the boys at the Dalmatian School of Venice (Scuola degli Schiavoni). The Lucovich became his sponsor and protector during one century (4).

 

Dr Pietro and Dr Trifon de Lucovich, sons of Marco de Lucovich are admitted in the Council of the Nobles of Kotor by the decision of the Advice of 28th May 1803. Pietro de Lucovich headed the delegation which negotiated the conditions for a protection of the Bay of Kotor against French and Italian interests with the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1813, represented by the Archduke Francesco IV (5). Previously the family joint with boats and sailors (under the commandment of Lucovich captains) the Egyptian expedition of Napoleon. (I saw personally the handwritten thank-you letters of Napoleons in the residence of uncle Marko). Venice had no more to the necessary power to protect the interests of the noble families of Prcanj and Trieste began to dominate the oversea trading with the Austro-Hungarian Empire on the Mediterranean Sea.

 

Vincenzo de Lucovich, my twice great grandfather (1777-1835), Chancellor of the General Consulate of the Austria-Hungarian Empire in Alexandria, has been remarked by his services in particular during the epidemic plague of 1825 and 1826 and during the war between Turkey and Greece. Married to Anna Maria Marquise of Goracichi, we know well about his three sons: my twice great grand-father Antonio (the engineer and architect), Giovanni (the trader and later British subject), and Stanislas (head of Egypt manufactory investments). (Fig. 6)  This generation, including their cousins from other branches, marked the zenith of the oriental period, and the beginning of world-wide expansion with the following generation. The generation born between 1840 and 1880, most of them in Egypt, are the roots of today British, French, Australian, Brazilian and North-American branches.
 

                                                                                           

                                                                                             THE BEGINNING OF THE FAMILY ASCENT

                                                               A STRONG RELATIONSHIP WITH THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

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Since the antic period, the notables of the Kotor Bay had the difficulty to assure their independence as the Adriatic coast has been always coveted. During 2 centuries, confronted to the Ottoman forces by the interior and to the Venice ambitions by the sea, they tried a dangerous diplomacy: the either nor. On the one hand they joined their maritime forces to Venice interest’s - Venice needed to strengthen its ports Dubrovnik (Ragusa) and Split (Spalato) – even Kotor were in competition with them for trading domination, and on the other side they tried to serve their own interests by separated agreements with the Ottoman Empire.

 

The result is the implantation of a many satellite trade agencies on the eastern shipping-roads and in the oriental harbors. At the top of their policy of expansionism, the 18th century, the ship-owner families of Prcanj held counters from the Black Sea (Odessa, Constanza), to the entire Mediterranean Sea (Venice, Constantinople, Tripoli, Cypress, Alexandria, Corfu, Syracuse, Sicily, Corsica and Marseille). In the recordings of the harbors of Trieste and Venice are documented often more than 4 arrivals or departures of Lucovich owned ships a week, one daily of a ship-owner with Prcanj origins (6).

 

As navigation was still dangerous, men married late, after finishing navigation, and often several times to assure them a male descendant. The reason were the frequent early deaths during maternity of their very young wives. At this time, nobody would considerate love as an argument for, strictly arranged, marriages. We can even less imagine a love story behind the arranged marriage of a Lucovich daughter to integrate the harem of a high Ottoman dignitary in Constantinople, although they were convinced Christians. Another strategic concession was the loan of the family palace, Palazzo Dario, as his official residence to the Turkish ambassador in Venice, during the 4 years of construction of the new Turkish residence.

 

You can consider that as a conservative pragmatism dominated by, locally limited, power stakes between Venice and Kotor. But you can also consider this as the preamble to a new, real progressive and universal vision for their development, especially in the 2nd half of the 18th and the beginning 19th century.

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Personal contacts and the constant exchanges with the oriental world are certainly for something. The family became more educated, enlightened and open to modern thoughts which influences occidental elites at the time. The founding thought of modern industrialism, the Saint-Simonianism, was an ideological current based on a socioeconomic doctrine to which an important part of the family adheres from his beginning. It is not innocent that most of the family members following this trend changed language from Italian, for a long-time family’s main language, to French, the language of Enlightenment, in the beginning 19th century. Egypt became the breaking point in favor to this evolution for the majority of them. In spite of one of their principles: You never bet your hole fortune on the same horse, the branch of the Counts of Venice took the radical decision to cut off their constant investments in shipyards and to make commitment in the trade of raw materials and finished products they produced themselves oversea.

 

The progressive open-minding spirit of the migrants settled in Egypt and the Orient in the 2nd half of 19th century is demonstrated also by the fact of tolerating my 17 years old great grandmother Louise to go alone (means only followed by her governate) for a world round trip of 7 months. By camel, horse, automobile, ships and railway, and with limited comfort and hygiene, this was not usual for young ladies of the noble society, but corresponding to an education ideal for enlighten minds, even for girls. On this world trip she met my great grand-father, Baron Eduard Tomaschek in Paris.

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                                                                                                       THE SETTLEMENT IN EGYPT

 

End of the 18th century, after the retreat of the Napoleon’s army, the family judged the arrival of Mehmed-Ali very favorable for important investments and the begin of diversification in their activities. Mehmed-Ali  governance (1805-1849) is considered to be the founder of modern Egypt and marked the history by his political and military actions, as well as his administrative, economic, and cultural reforms. (Fig. 7)

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His vast program of public works included the digging of the Mahmudiyyah Canal from the Rosetta branch of the Nile to Alexandria, of fundamental importance in bringing the city into western standards. He pursued reforms operated by Bonaparte and ordered to recruit high qualified workers from Europe. Poverty and the political troubles in Europe facilitated his views.

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The Lucovich clan, more than ever scattered around the Mediterranean Sea, found his new center of interests for one century in Egypt. The members settled first in Alexandria, Port Thewfick, Port Said, Port-Fouad and in Suez . (Fig. 8) .Two generations later (19th/20th) they are also located in Ismaïlia, Zagazig, Mansourah, Assiout, Tanta, Minihey and Cairo.

 

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                                                                                       ACTIVITIES, PRODUCTIONS, INFLUENCES

 

The best example to explain the « Gold rush to Egypt », is my twice great-grandfather, Antoine de Lucovich. Born 1815 in Prcanj, he studied architecture in Padua and became an engineer. After some years in charge of the Lucovich Officine in Venice, he joined his father in Alexandria. Nominated personal architect of Mehmed Ali, Viceroy of Egypt, he was intendant director of the royal palace and his parks in Alexandria and thus of the princes Moustaffa Vazil Pasha and Jamail Pasha. Shortly later, he has been nominated engineer expert at the Consulate of Austria, France, England and Italy. (Fig. 9)

 

Between 1859-1869, he also worked as chief engineer at the construction of the Suez Canal next to Ferdinand Lesseps whose father was General Commissioner in Egypt under Napoleon just as Antoine's father was Chancellor of the General Consulate (7) of the Austria-Hungarian Empire. It is more than likely that Ferdinand and Antoine knew each another from their childhood. Only for his activity as chief engineer he was earning 4,700 francs a month, the equivalent of € 12 000 today. Together they also planned and archived the construction of the new port of Alexandria (8).

 

The Greek Orthodox Cathedral, the Anglican Church, a mosque, and various architectural constructions in Alexandria, attest to the consideration he enjoyed as an architect ( Fig.10),  (Fig. 11). Locks, canals, pontoons, jetties, the first lighthouse of the Isthmus of Suez, confirm his competence as an engineer. The Greek Orthodox Cathedral, the Anglican Church, a mosque, and various architectural constructions in Alexandria, attest to the consideration he enjoyed as an architect. Locks, canals, pontoons, jetties, the first lighthouse of the Isthmus of Suez, confirm his competence as an engineer.

 

In his handwritten memories biography he stats: (I quote)

 

«……I was also elected by the Imperial General Consulate of Alexander judge to the Joint Commercial Court and delegated by the same Imperial Consulate as Austrian Commissioner to the Ornament Commission of Alexandria.

During the time of the war in 1859, the Austrian ships were stuck in the port of Alexandria and many sailors lacked means of subsistence and were attacked by Italian sailors. I helped providing them jobs until the end of the blockade, and afterwards restored their ships so that they could leave again.

In 1864, I procured work for many Dalmatians, including the Zuppani and Corzolani, employing them in the quarries of the harbor of Alexandria (founded for a of cost 18 million francs / today: € 45,5 million) and in the Industrial Agricultural Company of Egypt (Société Agricole Industrielle d’Egypte), created by myself and constituted as a Limited Company with the capital of twenty-five million Francs (today: € 62,5 million Euros).

Linen mills, various steam pumps for irrigation, many factories for the squeezing of cotton, and two rice mills including the one in Rosetta, - longtime the main resource of this city - attest to my competence in industrial enterprises and generally confirm my prolific activity during the thirty years of my life in Egypt.

In many of my buildings, I was the first to introduce furniture and materials from the industry, including the Mazzegno and Carso stones, which continued to promote exports from the port of Trieste.

My companies will enrich Egypt enormously, thanks to the substantial development of exports of many products from the Egyptian industry.… …….. » (End of quote)

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These prolific industrial, commercial and architectural activities are attested in numbers testimonies and reports of the period (9). His work as architect is mentioned in several historical reports and researches (10).
 

On the occasion of the inaugural festivities of the Suez Canal in 1869, Emperor Franz-Josef I. came to Egypt and Antoine de Lucovich offered him four columns of red granite which he had received himself as a gift from Pasha Mehmed Ali. He discovered them during the construction and fortification of the new harbor of Alexandria and received as a gift from Pasha Mehmed Ali..

 

The history of these columns, now integrated in the building of the Museum of Fine Arts in Vienna, in the Egypt Collection, was already widely documented and yelled by Goffried HAMERLINK (11). Based on the analyses of E.v.Bergmann in 1886 (12) the inscriptions were explained in 2006 by Michaela HÜTTNER (13). (Fig. 12)

 

She tells the whole story and gives a new interpretation of the hieroglyphs. Other sources are relating that gift made to the Imperial Collection by Antoine de Lucovich at different moments around 1900. In the jubilee document for the 100 years of the Scottish High School of Vienna (1907) (14) the article is mentioning beside Antoine de Lucovich another generous donator, Franz Champion, the Austro-Hungarian Consul in Cairo. He was the father of Camilla, the future wife of Antoine’s brother Giovanni. Following the legend of this donation - as oral transmission through my own family - the fourth column, lost for the historians, had fallen into the sea during a heavy storm still before the previewed departure from Alexandria to Trieste. It should, still according to our family’s storytelling, still lie at the ground. What is sure, to replace the lost one, Ismaïl Pasha gave to the Habsburg crown another column. This was an absolute need to rebalance the steam boat transporting them. At more than 40 tons each that can be understood.

 

The policy of cross-marriages between powerful dynasties continues but extends beyond the families of Dalmatian origin to those of other origins livingsettled in Egypt and in influent positions as diplomats, bankers, engineers and traders, especially from Fraencech and Italyian, in influent positions as diplomats, bankers, engineers and traders. Beside the already mentioned CHAMPION family, you cross BETTELHEIM, BREYVOGEL, WEINDELMEYER, SAKAKINI, KRSTOVICH, GASPARAC….) as family names of wives, godfathers and so.
 

The policy of cross-marriages between powerful dynasties continues but extends beyond the families of Dalmatian origin to those of other origins living in Egypt, especially French and Italian, in influent positions as diplomats, bankers, engineers and traders. Beside the already mentioned CHAMPION family, you cross BETTELHEIM, BREYVOGEL, WEINDELMEYER, SAKAKINI, KRSTOVICH, GASPARAC….) as family names of wives, godfathers and so.

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For those who were not tempted by the Egyptian adventure or preferred to stay in their traditional shipping business, the new fortune of their blood relatives in Egypt was not useless to their own projects. Remember Conscient of the complicate political situation on the European continent in the period of end of 18th and the first half of the 19th century; Great grandfather Antoine de Lucovich wrote a study for a possible development of coast cities of Dalmatia stating common interest with the  Habsburg monarchy with less independence or patriotic feelings and more cosmopolitan behavior and willing for international cooperation (15). In evidence, not everybody in the Prcanj homelands shared these opinions of the “rich uncle in Alexandria”.

 

The Lucovich clan invested in the foundation of a new dockyard in 1857 in Veli Losinj (Lussingrande) through a shareholder company (Fig. 13), whose primary objective was to counter the rising power of the harbor of Trieste and to attract Austro-Hungarian investments to the Dalmatian coast. But the creation of an independent fleet of tall sailing ships was promised to failure as steamships already revolutionized the maritime traffic.

 

Many of the captains from the Dalmatian coast gave up their ideal of independence and put themselves on the payroll of the powerful Austrian Lloyd's either by renting their sailboats or as captains for the long travel sail. Between 1869 and 1900 seven7 Lucovich named captains were unregistered in the Austro-Hungarian merchant marine (16). Some of them became even captains of stem ships (1897): but these were exceptions (17).

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                                                                     THE END OF THE ALAWITE DYNASTY AND THE EGYPT ADVENTURE

 

The growing importance and influence of Western migrants in Egypt did not please everyone. The Europeans, essentially living among themselves, made jealous Falah’s and Turks. Khedive Ismail Pasha, a grandson of Mohamed Ali, took power in 1863 and did not want to losetried to keep the control over the development in the country., while maintaining a certain distance with the Gate in Istanbul.

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You can read for exampleHis initiatives in are largely documents documented of the period (18):

I quote” …Egyptian economic policy of the sixties and seventies was a combination of profit-hunting by foreign capital with Ismail’s hankering after extravagance and the external trappings of Westernization, and his desire to secure his private enterprises, being himself the largest wholesale and retail businessman in Egypt - rather than the result of any serious care for the advancement of the country's economy and its population. One-fifth of the cultivated land of Egypt served as a source of profits for the Khedive. The railway lines laid mainly served Ismail’s estates. The attempt of the head of the Société Agricole, Antoine de Lucovich, (who was also one of the suppliers of the Suez Canal, backed by Dervieu and Oppenheim) to organize an extensive supply of modern irrigation equipment to agriculture and to assure a regular supply of water failed because Ismail Pasha wanted, as far as possible, to maintain sole control over this vital field. Moreover, certain private contractors objected to the Lucovich monopoly in the same way as to Ismail’s. Finally, the Khedive had to compensate the shareholders of the Société Agricole, and the contractors whose work had been interrupted. This was another reason for increasing the debt on the one hand and taxation on the other. » End of quote.

Blockages in the modernization, the industrialization and the investments in general, as well as the multiple non-respect of the contracts between Turkish and Alawite and the European notables created an avalanche of procedures with the mixed consular jurisdictions. Just the family of Antoine de Lucovich had 8 law actions against the Egypt government in 10 years (19).

But, even condemned, the Egyptian government was most reluctant to execute judgments. Or could any more due to the catastrophic financial situation the Alawite clan brought the country.

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This fast destruction of confidence in the relations between the European investors and the government as well as with the native population is described, documented, commented and published by Antoine de Lucovich himself and by several other authors of the period (20). European empires are plagued by their internal problems and do not want extra conflicts with the Ottoman Empire nor with Egypt, considered as an emerging new national identity. Colonial conflicts between French and British did not help the situation because many of the Europeans in Egypt arrived as subjects of a Kingdom, an Empire or a Republic and changed their nationality once or twice as the territories they were in origin from changed hands and sovereign. Migrants with Venice or Kotor origin are only one example for others.

 

From 1865 to 1893, the Lucovich family is on trial from with the government to recover either the "nationalised" companies or at least the awards awarded by the courts in their favor. Adding up the sums involved in these procedures for all members of the Lucovich clan in Egypt during these 25 years, we arrive at 375 million Francs, which represents today's value of 937,5 million Euros. No wonder that the different branches of the family left the Egyptian adventure almost ruined.

 

In some sources it is mentioned that the Egypt government has to pay enormous « indemnities » to the foreign owners of the « Société aAgricole et iIndustrielle d’Egypte ». This is collaborating with the judgements of the international court of Alexandria, but not related in family papers or memories. Seams that the cash never arrived to the Lucovich clan. (21).

 

The return to Prcanj or Venice was not really possible, as the economic and political situation was bad in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and especially in Dalmatian region. The youngest have opted for "promised lands" like: Brazil - USA – Canada - Australia. Others joined cousins and uncles in the harbors of the old family counters: in Great Britain - France - Russia - Bulgaria.  

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Antoine de Lucovich returned to Venice after waiting in vain for the outstretched hand of Emperor Francis Joseph Its in thanks treturn for his "imperial" gifts (the 3 columns). In all and for all he was ennobled by the title « Knight d'Ascrivio - without privileges”. Born Count of Venice…he died at Palazzo Dario in 1993 and his body had been repatriated to family cemetery in Prcanj.

 

For the family of my great grandmother Louise the Egypt adventure ended there. Back in Europe it seems that they didn’t keep in touch with their relatives in Egypt. Certainly, the turmoil of the end of the Ottoman Empire, World War 1st and World War 2nd interrupted the Concordia Fratrum (Brotherly Harmony) of former times. But traces of these period are part of every household, in every bibliotheca, beyond decorative objects and family narratives transmitted from our grand-parents to us.

 

Members of the oriental based Lucovich clan, directing the Officine’s in Constantinople, Smyrna, Cyprus, Greece and in today’s Lebanon are mentioned as archaeologists in international specialized revues. Not sure that this attests any serious scientific interest, more than the trendy behavior of collecting or grabbing antic stuff  (22). The annually 1897 of the Berlin Society for Classic Antic Research is mentioning a certain “B. Lucovich” (could be Bernardo di Lucovich) as analyst for antic Greek inscriptions on grave stones found by him. Another, named “L.Lucovich”, is describing the inscriptions on marble plates, discovered during foundation works in Mehmed-Ali’s gardens in Alexandria. Knowing that Antoine de Lucovich has been in charge of these works (and that he found the four columns), we can suppose that “L.Lucovich” is either Louise or her sister Lucie and that they had in her possession these plates when leaving Alexandria in 1886 for Venice.

 

The well-known Egyptologist Howard Carter (23) is mentioning his gratitude to “Deirdre Le Faye for Carter’s association with the Lucovich family”.

I suppose that the Egypt living clan, or the families who left recently Egypt to new destinations like USA, GB, Australia or Brazil, were in possession of antic objects that they acquired during their presence in the country. This is credible observing pictures of the interiors of 19th century’s property’s like those of Palazzo Dario and the Vienna apartment of Louise de Lucovich. I remember quite well the residence of uncle and aunt Mario and Ena, Count and Countess Lukovic, in Prcanj, visited in 1970, 1976 and 1984, more a museum than an apartment (Fig. 14). Full-filled with collections of arms, coins, venetian mirrors, oriental carpets, paintings, handwritings of Napoleon and other famous people in history and so on. I felt like in Alibaba’s cave and I have been impressed by these elegant elderly people speaking fluently 7 languages and completely immersed in their family’s past (Fig.15)
 

During 1st and 2nd WW most of these traces disappeared, as it happened in Prcanj after uncle Mario’s death in 1993 during the civil war in former Yugoslavian. A good example is a well-known painting of the family’s chapel, Veniziano’s   Madonna and child, from Veniziano that appeared recently in a public auction in Switzerland 2017 marked “Lucovich Palace origin” (supposed stolen in 1993). (Fig.17)

 

I have no idea if there are Lucovich descendants living today in Egypt. I can’t read Arabic and we know that many Europeans Arabized their names during the 20th century.

 

Lot of mysteries are left to explore,explore; lot possibilities exists tfo findget new indices. Thanks to you, dear professional colleagues, I hopefully will advance and learn more about these illustrate European dynasty and their cosmopolite destiny. Dear Excellence, Ambassador of Egypt, dear members of the Academy of Science, dear colleagues and present members of the Lucovich family, thank You for your attention.

 

                                               END OF MY CONFERENCE IN ZAGREB ON MONDAY 17th SEPTEMBER 2018.

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Footnotes_____________________

(1 )  J.B.Rietstap 1884 Armorial général T2: 106-108

(2 ) Don Niko Lucovich 1937 Perzagno, Bokeška Press, new Eedition 1996 by G. Culic,

(3)  1773, The 3rd Senate file, 2568, Archives of State of Venice

(4)  1994 Giorgio E. Trifone, SCUOLA DALMATA, are named as « protector’s » Cap Francesco 1756 and 1765, Nicolo in 1768, 1779, 1786 and 1887, Cap Vincenzo in 1769, Cap Matteo in 1776, Trifon in 1788, Vincenzo (the father of Antoine de Lucovich d' Ascrivio) in 1804

(5) 1846, Cesare Galvani, Memorie storiche dell’arciduca Francesco IV, 107 - 119

(6) Feb 7th 1761, Gazzetta Veneta - as an example

(7)  Note: Consulate in this time means more a commercial chamber and his the consul was the representative of foreign investors and merchants, more than an official diplomatic representative

(8 ) Ferdinand de Lesseps,  Lettres, Journal et documents pour servir à l’histoire du Canal de Suez (1859-1860), Didier et Cie, Paris 1873, 79 ff

(9) 1866, Revue de deux Mondes, Year 36, Paris, 1866, T 64, 354-356

       1881, Georg Ebers, Durch Gosen zum Sinai, Editor W.Engelmann, 1881, Leipzig, 499 ff

       1906, François C.Roux, La production du coton en Egypt, Editor A. Colin, 1906, Paris, 88 ff

        1958, David S. Landes, Bankers and Pashas ; International Finance and Economic Imperialism in Egypt, Harvard University Press, 262-267

(10) Cristiana Pallini, Italian Architects and Modern Egypt, AKPIA G MIT, Studies of architecture, history & culture, 2005, 3-5

(11)  2012, Gottfried Hamernik, Anton von Lucovich.Der Aufstieg und Fall einer aussergewöhlichen Persönlichkeit im Äägypten des 19. Jahrhunderts, Egypt and Austria VII, Prague 2012, 87-92

(12) E.v. Bergmann, Inschriftliche Denkmälerder Sammlung ägyptischer Altertümer des österr. Kaiserhauses, Receuil des Travaux Relatifs à la Philologie et à l’Archéologie égyptienne et assyriennes, F ;Vieweg, Paris 1886, 177-196

(13 ) Michaela Hüttner, Studies in Honor of Manfred Bietak, Orientalia Lovaniesia Analecta's 2006, Edited by Ernst Czerny, Irmgard Hein, Hermann Hunger, Dagmar Melman and Angela Schwab. 151-156 Hüttner

(14)  Festausgabe zum 100jährigen Jubiläum des Schottegymnasiums, Verlag Braumüller, Wien 1907, 55-56

(15) Antoine Lucovich, En Dalamtie – Etude, Charles Gerold & Fils, Vienne 1866

(16)   Vesna Cucic, Boka Kotorska Men Between The Bay of Kotor and Trieste, Nase more, 2006, 77-88

(17)   Verordnungsblatt für Eisenbahnen und Schiffahrt, 10.Jahrgang, 1897, Wien, 635 - 793

(18)  the act of accusation: La voix de la Vérité, Génève 1867

(19)  liste of actions and documentsDecisions of the Austro-Hungarian Consular Commission in Egypt:

          Stanislao de Lucovich, Avv. PETROCCHI contro Il Governo Egiziano, Avv. PIETRI, June 14th 1876

          Stanislao de Lucovich, Avv. SALONE contro Il Governo Egiziano Avv. PIETRI, March 7th1876

         Antoine de Lucovich, Avv Rensovich contro Il Governo Egiziano, Avv Ara, June 24th 1876

         Antoine de Lucovich, Avv Rensovich contro Il Governo Egiziano, Avv Ara, March 7th 1878

(20) Antoine de Lucovich, La Société agricole et industrielle d’Égypte, Gaittet, Paris 1865

         Antoine de Lucovich, Comment on administre la justice en Égypte, Gaittet, Paris 1866

         Antoine de Lucovich, Pétition à MM. les membres du Parlement égyptien (Medj-lis-el-choura), Gaittet, Paris 1867

(21)  Jurisprudence des tribunaux de la réforme en Égypte – Arrêts de la Cours d’Appel d’Alexandrie,1893, 23-29

(22)  Ivan v. Müller, Jahresbericht über die Fortschritte der klassischen Alterhumswissenschaft, 87. Band, Verlag Calvary & Co, Berlin 1897, 374

          L. Lucovich, Inscriptions de Kios en Bithynier, Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, V 16, 1892, 319-320

(23)  Howard Carter, The path to Tutankhamun, Tauris Parke Paperbacks, London-New York, 1992, preface

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Illustrations___________________

Fig. 1. Lucovich blazon ;

Fig. 2. Family tree of 1700, photography 1974, collection US

Fig. 3. Lucovich Chapel in Prcanj, photography 2012, collection US

Fig. 4. Lucovich Street in Prcanj, photography 2012, collection US

Fig. 5. Wall of Fame, photography, private collection Count T. Lukovic, Dubrovnik

Fig. 6. 1815, Vincenzo de Lucovich, photographie, Venice (private collection US)

Fig. 7.  Mehemet – Ali, (Kavala, Macedonia 1769 – Cairo 1849), engraving by T. Neumann, Vienna (private collection US)

Fig. 8. Lucovich residences in Egypt in the beginning 19th century       

Fig. 9. Antoine de Lucovich d’Ascrivio

Fig. 10. Greek Orthodox Cathedral in Alexandria

Fig. 11. 1850, Buildings by A.d.Lucovich around the Consuls Place, Alexandria

Fig. 12. Red granite column in the Vienna Museum of Fines Arts, Egypt Collection

Fig. 13. LUSSIN GRANDE original shareholder document

Fig. 14.Apartment Lucovich 1896 Prelouc

Fig. 15. Family tree in Prcanj

Fig. 16. Collection of arms Lukovich-Tomaschek

Fig 17. Cvito FISKOVIC-Veniciano : Madonna with child